Some cases benefit from a specialist's eye. We work with veterinary pathologists who review biopsies, cytology and lab results to help confirm a diagnosis.

A pathology consult can help guide treatment decisions, especially for lumps, skin conditions and cancers. We'll share the pathologist's findings with you and explain what they mean for your pet.

How Samples Are Collected for a Pathology Review

The type of sample depends on what your vet is trying to learn. Many samples can be collected during a routine visit, while others are taken during surgery.

  • Fine needle aspirate: A small needle collects cells from a lump for cytology. This is often done while your pet is awake.
  • Biopsy: A small piece of tissue, or an entire mass, is removed and sent for histopathology. This usually requires sedation or anesthesia.
  • Fluid samples: Fluid from the chest, belly or joints may be examined for cells or infection.
  • Blood smears: A pathologist may review blood cells under the microscope when lab results are unusual.

Your vet will explain which sample is best for your pet and why.

Understanding Your Pet's Pathology Report

Once the sample reaches the pathologist, they examine it under a microscope and write a report that describes what they see. The report may name a specific diagnosis, such as a benign fatty lump, an infection or a type of cancer. For tumors, it may also describe the grade and whether the edges of the removed tissue, called margins, appear free of abnormal cells.

Pathology reports use a lot of technical language, so our team will walk you through the findings in plain terms. Sometimes the results are clear. Other times the pathologist may recommend extra stains, a larger sample or more testing. Your vet will use the report to recommend next steps, which may include monitoring, more surgery or medication.

Questions about Pathology Consults?

Call us or book an appointment online, and our team will help you decide on the next step for your pet.

Pathology Consults: Frequently Asked Questions

How long do biopsy results take for pets?
Results usually take several days to about a week, depending on the type of sample and whether special tests are needed. Some cytology results may come back sooner. Our team will call you when the report arrives and explain what it means.
Does every lump on my pet need to be tested?
Not every lump is dangerous, but you can't tell by looking or feeling alone. Your vet may recommend testing a lump that is new, growing, changing or bothering your pet. A simple needle sample is often the first step.
What is the difference between cytology and a biopsy?
Cytology looks at individual cells collected with a needle and is quick and minimally invasive. A biopsy examines a piece of tissue, which shows how the cells are arranged and often gives a more definitive diagnosis. Your vet will recommend the best option for your pet.
Is a biopsy painful for my pet?
Most biopsies are done under sedation or anesthesia, so your pet does not feel the procedure. Afterward, there may be mild soreness at the site, and your vet will provide pain relief as needed and explain how to care for the area at home.

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